1400–400 BCE: Olmec civilization flourishes in Pre-Columbian Mexico, during Mesoamerica's Formative period.1400 BCE: Oldest known song with notation 1700–1400 BCE: The Proto-Sinaitic script is the oldest alphabet created in Egypt.1500 BCE: Composition of the Rigveda is completed.1550 BCE: The New Kingdom begins in Egypt 1600 BCE: Beginning of Hittite dominance of the Eastern Mediterranean region.1600 BCE: The beginning of Shang dynasty in China, evidence of a fully developed writing system, see Oracle bone script.1600 BCE: Minoan civilization on Crete is destroyed by the Minoan eruption of Santorini island.1700 BCE: Indus Valley Civilization comes to an end but is continued by the Cemetery H culture The beginning of Poverty Point culture in North America.1780 BCE: Oldest Record of Hammurabi's Code.Possibly the oldest significant work of literature 1800 BCE: The Old Babylonian text of the Epic of Gilgamesh is written.1900 BCE: Erlitou culture begins in China.2055 BCE: The Middle Kingdom begins in Egypt.Related droughts very likely caused the collapse of the Old Kingdom in Egypt and the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia 2200–2100 BCE: 4.2-kiloyear event: a severe aridification phase, likely connected to a Bond event, which was registered throughout most of North Africa, Middle East and continental North America.2250 BCE: Oldest known depiction of the Staff God, the oldest image of a god to be found in the Americas.2334 or 2270 BCE: Akkadian Empire is founded, dating depends upon whether the Middle chronology or the Short chronology is used.2492 BCE: Traditional date for the legendary foundation of Armenia by Hayk.2500 BCE: The last mammoth population, on Wrangel Island in Siberia, goes extinct.2500–1500 BCE: Kerma culture begins in Nubia.The Land of Punt in the Horn of Africa first appears in Egyptian records around this time. 2560 BCE: King Khufu completes the Great Pyramid of Giza.2600 BCE: Emergence of Mayan culture in the Yucatán Peninsula.2600 BCE: Mature Harappan phase of the Indus Valley civilization (in present-day Pakistan and India) begins.2600 BCE: Oldest known surviving literature: Sumerian texts from Abu Salabikh, including the Instructions of Shuruppak and the Kesh temple hymn.2700 BCE: The Old Kingdom begins in Egypt.2700 BCE: Minoan civilization ancient palace city Knossos reaches 80,000 inhabitants.2800 BCE: Longshan culture begins in China.2800 BCE: Kot Diji phase of the Indus Valley Civilisation begins.3000 BCE: Domestication of the horse in the Yamnaya culture.3000–2300 BCE: The East African Pastoral neolithic culture builds East Africa's earliest and largest monumental cemetery at Lothagam North Pillar Site.3000–2500 BCE: Earliest evidence of autochthonous iron production in West Africa.3000 BCE: First known use of papyrus by Egyptians.3000 BCE: Jiroft culture begins in Iran.3000 BCE: Cucuteni–Trypillia culture is established in Romania and Ukraine. In its first version, it consisted of a circular ditch and bank, with 56 wooden posts. 3000 BCE: Stonehenge construction begins. 3200 BCE: Skara Brae is built in Scotland. 3200 BCE: Rise of Proto-Elamite Civilization in Iran.3200 BCE: Caral-Supe civilization begins in Peru.3200 BCE: Sumerian cuneiform writing system and Egyptian hieroglyphs are first used
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